Two award-winning New Zealand authors have had their works excluded from contention for the country's esteemed literature award because of the utilization of AI in designing their book covers.
The author's story compilation "Obligate Carnivore" and the writer's novella collection "Angel Train" were entered for the 2026 Ockham literary prizes and its NZ$65,000 novel award in October, but were disqualified the next month because of new guidelines regarding AI usage.
The publishing house of the two titles, the publisher, stated that the prize organizers updated the criteria in August, by which time the cover designs for every entered book would have previously been finalized.
“Consequently, it was much too late for publishers to incorporate this new rule into their design plans,” the publisher said.
Johnson expressed understanding for the award organizers, stating she shares deep concerns about artificial intelligence in artistic fields, but was let down by the decision.
“I’d be lying if I said I wasn’t sad about it,” she commented. “This marks my 22nd publication and my fourth short story anthology. These tales … were composed over roughly two decades, making this a particularly significant work for me.”
She further stated that writers usually have little input in book artwork and was did not know AI had been employed for her book cover, which features a cat with human-like dentition.
“I believed it was an actual cat photo with superimposed teeth, but that was not the case,” Johnson said, adding that unlike younger age groups, she struggles to identify computer-created graphics.
Johnson feared that the public might think she employed AI to write her work, which she emphatically did not do.
“Instead of talking about my book … and what the inspiration was, we are talking about bloody AI, which I hate.”
In a statement, Elizabeth Smither expressed that the artists devoted hours crafting her book's cover, which includes a locomotive and an angel “half-obscured in the smoke”, inspired by artist Marc Chagall's imagery.
“My primary concern is for the designers: their careful, detailed work … is not being respected,” she remarked.
The trust chair, chair of the book awards trust that oversees the prizes, said the trust maintains a strong position on the application of AI in publications.”
“We do not make such a decision lightly, one that bars the newest works by two of New Zealand's most respected authors from the 2026 prize,” she said.
“However, the criteria apply to all entrants, regardless of their mana [status], and must be consistently applied to all.”
The move to revise the AI guidelines was motivated by a desire to protect the creative and intellectual property interests of the nation's writers and artists, she added.
“As AI evolves, there may well be a need for the trust to revisit and develop the criteria further.”
The publisher pointed out that publishers and writers regularly employ tools like Grammarly and image editors, which utilize AI, and this incident highlighted the urgent requirement for well-defined guidelines.
“As an industry, we must work together to ensure that this situation does not happen again.”
Both Elizabeth Smither and Johnson have previously served as judges for sections of the Ockham awards, and both emphasized that covers receive minimal attention during evaluation.
“The text itself and its detailed analysis were all that mattered,” Smither concluded.
The application of AI in artistic sectors has faced increasing scrutiny as the technology progresses, with some groups creating methods to counter its influence.
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